土工格柵
解決方案概述
土工格柵包含整體連接的拉伸部分和肋條的二維排列，它們形成網(wǎng)格或網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)，通常以卷狀包裝供應(yīng)。土工格柵由聚合物制成，屬于土工合成產(chǎn)品——這是一個(gè)廣泛的產(chǎn)品分類，包括土工布和土工膜以及其他小類。
坦薩土工格柵通常由定向高密度聚乙烯 (HDPE) 或聚丙烯 (PP) 制成，具有耐用性、剛度和強(qiáng)度。 肋條之間的連接是一體成型的，具有高強(qiáng)度和結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性。
土工格柵用于解決地基中或地面的土木和巖土工程問(wèn)題，主要提供加固或加筋功能，以提高土壤或粒料的性能
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土工格柵的功能有哪些？
土工格柵主要提供加固或加筋功能，以提高土壤的性能。 它還可分離土壤和粒料層。
土工格柵如何加固土壤?
粒料可以穿過(guò)肋條之間的開(kāi)口或孔徑，與土工格柵形成嵌鎖。 如果土工格柵足夠堅(jiān)硬，肋骨輪廓足夠深并且連接處足夠堅(jiān)固，粒料就會(huì)被限制在孔內(nèi)，從而形成一種新的土工格柵/粒料復(fù)合層，具有更高的強(qiáng)度和抗變形能力。
土工格柵如何實(shí)現(xiàn)土體加筋？
對(duì)于土壤加筋應(yīng)用，荷載必須在土壤和土工格柵之間轉(zhuǎn)移。 單向土工格柵的橫肋具備有效的機(jī)理，能夠通過(guò)鄰接而不只是摩擦轉(zhuǎn)移荷載。 土工格柵中的高拉伸荷載由縱向肋條承受。 它們必須能夠在結(jié)構(gòu)的整個(gè)使用壽命（通常長(zhǎng)達(dá) 120 年）內(nèi)承受如此高的負(fù)載，需要耐久性以及長(zhǎng)期的強(qiáng)度和剛度。
土工格柵比較
土工格柵具備的嵌鎖和約束效用取決于其物理特性（平面內(nèi)剛度、節(jié)點(diǎn)接合強(qiáng)度、肋條輪廓）和與粒料的相容性（粒料尺寸和類型）。 具有相同短期 QC 強(qiáng)度的不同土工格柵，可能具有廣泛不同的特性，具體取決于制造方法、節(jié)點(diǎn)類型、肋材輪廓和使用的聚合物。
對(duì)于土壤加筋應(yīng)用，土工格柵必須具備久經(jīng)驗(yàn)證的強(qiáng)度和剛度特性以及高耐久性。 土工格柵的長(zhǎng)期特性因制造方法和使用的聚合物而異。 坦薩單向土工格柵經(jīng)認(rèn)證，可在各種土壤 pH 值和化學(xué)侵蝕性環(huán)境中使用長(zhǎng)達(dá) 120 年。
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一般雙向土工格柵
- 產(chǎn)品適用兩個(gè)方向加筋
- 因肋條形狀和較低節(jié)點(diǎn)強(qiáng)度影響，較低的約束效率，導(dǎo)致性能降低
- 設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)一般基于小比例模型試驗(yàn)或土工格柵本身的性能
- 主要應(yīng)用于軟基，而應(yīng)用道路基層通常未經(jīng)驗(yàn)證
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Tensar® 土工格柵
- 產(chǎn)品適用于力學(xué)穩(wěn)定加固粒料
- 高效的粒料嵌鎖約束，提高了地基承載力，限制了表面變形
- 設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)基于力學(xué)穩(wěn)定層的等比例足尺加速加載行車試驗(yàn)
- 經(jīng)證實(shí)適用于永久道路的基層加固，也適用于軟土地基上的道路
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土工格室
- Aggregate or sand fill confined by cell walls to increase bearing capacity. Difficult to achieve compaction within cells
- Complex installation requires more labour and time to open, secure and place first layer. Fill is difficult over weakest soils
- Typically limited to installation over soft soils
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Tensar® Geogrid
- Highly efficient aggregate confinement creates a mechanically stabilised layer with improved bearing capacity. Aggregate compaction is enhanced
- Installation costs are low. Quick and simple to roll out and commence fill. Over very weak soils access is made possible by ‘snowshoe effect’
- Proven suitability for base stabilisation in permanent roads to increase pavement life as well as for road foundations over weak ground
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Geotextile Reinforcement
- Mobilisation of geotextile strength to reinforce aggregate is limited by friction
- Load support is developed by the tensioned membrane mechanism requiring higher surface deformation to mobilise the reinforcement effect
- Typically limited to installation over soft soils where surface rutting is permissible
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Tensar® Geogrid
- Product design optimised for mechanical stabilisation of aggregates by interlock and confinement
- Highly efficient aggregate confinement by interlock increases bearing capacity and limits surface deformations
- Proven suitability for base stabilisation in permanent roads to increase pavement life as well as for road foundations over weak ground where surface rutting is to be limited
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Chemical Stabilisation
- Large equipment required for treatment. Difficult access over very weak soils. High mobilisation and set up costs limit use to larger area projects
- Limited to use with certain soil types and unsuitable for organic and certain clay soils
- Windblown dust can be an issue during installation. Drainage and hydrology of soil is affected.
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Tensar® Geogrid
- Installation costs are low. Quick and simple to roll out and commence fill. Over very weak soils access is made possible by ‘snowshoe effect’. Suitable for projects of any size
- Mechanically stabilised layers can be used over all soil types including organic soils
- Mechanical stabilisation has minimum environmental impact during installation and when in-place. Suitable for end-of life excavation and disposal
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Non-Stabilised
- Weak soils required to be excavated and disposed off-site, then backfill with suitable materials prior to placement of aggregate layers. Resulting in increased traffic movements, project costs and carbon emissions
- Thicker layers of aggregate required to achieve the same bearing capacity and surface rutting profile. Resulting in higher construction cost, increased time and greater carbon emissions
- Increasing pavement life would require an increase in thickness of the unbound layers, increasing overall costs, materials usage, and carbon emissions
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Tensar® Geogrid
- Allows installation, placement, and compaction of aggregate layers over very weak and variable soils
- Mechanical stabilisation enables reductions in capping layer or subbase thickness over weak or variable soils
- Mechanical stabilisation of unbound layers in permanent roads increases pavement life or enables pavement layer thickness to be reduced for the same life
自由排水隔離屏障
測(cè)試和經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，當(dāng)使用適當(dāng)?shù)募?jí)配粒料填充時(shí)，坦薩土工格柵具備分離功能。 土工格柵不容易“遮蔽”或堵塞，而土工布用作分隔層時(shí)可能會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況。
在土工格柵處建造排水渠
為了安裝地下公用設(shè)施，坦薩土工格柵經(jīng)常被挖掘和打孔。